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Madagascar: combating sex tourism
In Madagascar, thousands of young people are driven to engage in prostitution as a means of survival. The country remains vulnerable to child sex tourism, an issue that the Government of Madagascar an...
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Lebanon: Rebuilding the Economy from the Ground Up
With crises multiplying in Lebanon, poverty has reached astronomical levels as the economy falters, and small and medium sized businesses struggle to survive. In the second-largest city, Tripoli, know...
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Microfinance: a Boon for Entrepreneurs Excluded from Conventional Banking
Small businesses and entrepreneurs with few resources can find it extremely difficult to obtain loans and get off the ground. Microfinance however, can be a source of invaluable support. AFD Group ha...
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Ghana: the dam for a renewable future
At the Kpong Dam, the infrastructure has been upgraded and automated to provide a greener and more stable energy supply for Ghana.
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EU-AFD Facility on Inequalities 2026-2028: Reducing Inequalities through Investments
Building on nearly ten years of collaboration, the third phase of the EU-AFD Facility on Inequalities takes a more operational approach: it focuses on how investments – particularly in infrastructures...
Editorial page
Three Oceans
To increase regional integration in France’s overseas territories and offer a global solution to cross-border issues, AFD adopted the Three Oceans strategy in 2019. This approach groups together overs...
Regions and countries
Etienne ESPAGNE
Profile
Economist
Environmental and climate economics, development economics, energy transition, inequalities and environment, climate policy, climate finance
Financing without doing harm: for virtuous mechanisms to support african social science research
African research has scarcely begun to emerge at international level: Africa’s overall share in global publications stands at about 3.5%, and the social sciences represent a tiny fraction of this figu...
Publication
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Global biodiversity scenarios: what do they tell us for biodiversity-related socioeconomic impacts?
This paper aims to review and compare existing global and quantitative biodiversity scenarios that could help to build a forward-looking assessment of the consequences of biodiversity loss. More broa...
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Emerging Uses of Technology for Development: A New Intelligence Paradigm
With only ten years left to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), development organizations rapidly need to innovate their approach to decision making and problem solving. New lessons and...
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Private production or public project ownership to scale up the construction of photovoltaic power plants in Af...
Despite its abundant solar resources, Africa currently has low solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation capacities compared to other continents. Yet, the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA)...
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The challenges of the demographic dividend for African countries
The implementation of population related public policies in Africa will only have the anticipated effects if a certain number of issues are tackled: harmful traditional practices, the stereotypes rega...
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Research Conversations replay: Innovation for strong sustainability trajectories
This webinar is part of the conference series 'Research Conversations'.
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Research Conversations replay: Identifying farming systems that contribute to food security, the fight against...
This webinar is part of the conference series 'Research Conversations'.
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Research Conversations replay: Bonds for Sustainable Development?
This webinar is part of the conference series 'Research Conversations'.
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Research Convesations replay: Comparative Study of Biodiversity Metrics for Public Development Banks: Challeng...
This webinar is part of the conference series 'Research Conversations'.
Publication
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Choose Africa 2: Ramping up Support for African Entrepreneurs
The Choose Africa initiative has been so successful in supporting African companies and entrepreneurs that it has led to a sequel. In line with France’s commitment to renew its relations with African...
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Tackling Inequality and Climate Change Simultaneously in South Africa
“No country should have to choose between tackling poverty and preserving the planet,” French President Emmanuel Macron told the Summit for a New Global Financial Pact this summer. It’s a sentiment...
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Combating Cholera in the Congo by Renovating Water Infrastructure
The Democratic Republic of the Congo is home to half of Africa’s water reserves, but only a quarter of the DRC’s population has access to affordable drinking water. Deteriorating infrastructure has co...
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Holistic Forest Conservation in Madagascar: Is it Working?
The lush forests of Madagascar are home to a bewildering variety of wildlife and biodiversity. But they are threatened by deforestation and the destruction of natural habitats. The Holistic Forest Con...
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