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Who controls critical minerals in a fragmented world — and what is left for developing countries?
The energy transition is opening new development opportunities, driven by the growing demand for green technologies. Yet developing countries often remain confined to the role of raw-material supplier...
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What role can food vouchers play in strengthening climate resilience?
Climate change threatens to intensify poverty, inequality and food insecurity. In countries like the Philippines, extreme weather (cyclones, floods or droughts) could disrupt livelihoods and exacerbat...
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Sports and Development
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Economic Analysis of Projects: A Tool for Informed Financing Decisions
Project economic analysis (PEA) aims to evaluate ex-ante the various impacts of a project on all stakeholders, beyond its mere financial profitability. Long used by donors, it has come in for a lot of...
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Can social inclusion benefit ecosystems?
With 17,500 islands and 54,000 km of coastline, Indonesia is heavily dependent on its marine ecosystems. However, these areas are currently under strain due to significant demographic, economic, and e...
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Balancing Conservation and Community Welfare: Enhancing the Management of Marine Protected Areas in Indonesia
Marine protected areas have played an important role in conserving and restoring marine biodiversity that is threatened due to the climate change. Indonesia has expanded its marine protected areas, co...
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The Inequality Diagnostic Report: Indonesia
The Inequality Diagnostic Report measures multidimensional aspects of inequalities in Indonesia in the last decade, while also identifying policies that shape the current state of inequality in the co...
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Potential sources of income inequality in the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) countries
This paper examines income inequality in the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) region, using recent harmonized household survey data across eight member countries. The study explores...
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Reducing Inequalities Despite Climate change? Rethinking Progress Towards Reducing Income Inequalities and the...
This multicountry study incorporate the economic resources of countries and measure how countries are combining their resources to reduce income inequality. It also examine the effects of climate — te...
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When Information Feeds Social Transformation in Indonesia: Understanding and Addressing Inequality outside Jav...
Although Indonesia ha recorded progress in reducing national income inequality over the past decade—evident in the decline of the Gini coefficient from 0.409 in 2012 to 0.384 in 2021—substantial dispa...
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Data Analytics for a Just Transition. Distributional Impacts of Environmental Policies (Indonesia)
Indonesia’s commitment to the Paris Agreement has placed carbon pricing through taxes and emissions trading at the center of its climate policy. These instruments are designed to reduce greenhouse gas...
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Minka: an instrument for peace and resilience
The Minka Peace and Resilience instrument supports peace building efforts in fragile contexts and in areas affected by crisis or conflict. It finances projects across four regions: the Sahel, the Lake...
Editorial page
Fighting Inequalities
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Crises and conflicts
AFD acts before, during, and after crises to strengthen the resilience and peacebuilding capacities of our partners, including public institutions, international organizations, and local civil society...
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Evaluations
As a platform serving inclusive and sustainable investment, AFD must ensure the effectiveness of its actions. The generation of knowledge and the lessons learned from evaluations support a continuous...
Editorial page
AFD, on behalf of France, commits €1 billion to improve electricity access in Africa by 2030
President Macron announced €1 bn, implemented by AFD, over the next five years as part of Mission 300, a joint initiative of the World Bank Group and the African Development Bank Group. The goal of th...
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Our publications
Éditions Agence française de développement publish research and evaluation work on sustainable development, carried out in collaboration with numerous partners from both the Global North and South. Wi...
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Mexico: An economic model under pressure from Trump 2.0
President Claudia Sheinbaum, inaugurated in October 2024, is facing a number of major internal and external challenges. Tensions with the United States (trade, migration, drug trafficking) have added...
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Frequently Asked Questions
All the answers to your questions about AFD Group What is the role of Agence Française de Développement (AFD) Group? How is it funded? Who benefits from its actions? Find all the answers to the mos...
Editorial page
Final evaluation of the WATAD project in Lebanon (CLB1100)
The aim of the Work Acceleration in Tripoli towards Advancement and Development (WATAD) project was to improve the socioeconomic conditions of the vulnerable populations of the neighbourhoods of Jabal...
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